Browsing by Author "Carvalho, D"
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- High frequency of CHD7 mutations in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadismPublication . Gonçalves, CI; Patriarca, FM; Aragüés, JM; Carvalho, D; Fonseca, F; Martins, S; Marques, O; Pereira, BD; Martinez-de-Oliveira, J; Lemos, MCCongenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is characterized by lack of normal pubertal development due to deficient gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion or action, and is caused by genetic defects in several genes. Mutations in the CHD7 gene cause CHARGE syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and development, Genital hypoplasia and Ear abnormalities), but have also been found in patients with isolated CHH. The aim of this study was to identify CHD7 mutations in patients with CHH. Fifty Portuguese patients with CHH were screened for mutations in the CHD7 gene by DNA sequencing. Eight (16%) patients had CHD7 rare sequence variants that consisted of six missense (p.Gly388Glu, p.His903Pro, p.Thr1082Ile, p.Val1452Leu, p.Asp1854Gly, and p.Arg2065His) and two synonymous (p.Ser559Ser, and p.Ala2785Ala) mutations. Five of these mutations have never been reported before. Three CHD7 mutations occurred in patients that had mutations in additional CHH-genes. This study uncovered novel genetic variants that expand the known spectrum of mutations associated with CHH. The frequency of CHD7 mutations in this cohort was higher than that of other major CHH-genes and confirms the importance of including CHD7 in the genetic testing of CHH, even in the absence of additional CHARGE features.
- Oral glucose lowering drugs in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney diseasePublication . Nogueira, C; Souto, SB; Vinha, E; Carvalho-Braga, D; Carvalho, DChronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a challenge in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. Renal impairment may affect drug clearance and other pharmacokinetic processes which can increase toxicity and drug to drug interactions or cause ineffective therapy. There are many oral glucose lowering drugs available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with different mechanisms of action and different pharmacokinetic profiles. While all classes may be used in patients with mild renal impairment, therapeutic options for patients with moderate to severe CKD are still limited. This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety of oral glucose lowering drugs in patients with T2DM and CKD.
- Vertebral osteoporotic fractures with height loss secondary to Cushing’s diseasePublication . Nogueira, C; Souto, SB; Rios, E; Pereira, J; Vinha, E; Freitas, P; Carvalho, D