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- Characterization of all Surgical Specimens Provided by a Portuguese Department of Ophthalmology over a 13 Year PeriodPublication . Ferreira Mendes, J; Ferreira, AM; Freitas, CINTRODUCTION: We intend to evaluate clinically, topographically and morphologically all surgical specimens sent by the Department of Ophthalmology of Hospital de Braga to the Department of Pathology of the same hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty eight surgically obtained specimens, from the Department of Ophthalmology of Hospital de Braga, analyzed in the Department of Pathology, from January 2002 to June 2015, were characterized. Data was arranged according to year, age, sex, topography and morphological diagnosis according to the SNOMED® coding system. RESULTS: Mean age at time of diagnosis was 54.6 years old; 52.3% were male subjects. The number of specimens was relatively stable until the year 2010, with a significant increase between 2011 and 2013. Most specimens sent corresponded to eyelid (54.7%), followed by conjunctiva (26.7%); the most common pathological diagnosis was malignant epithelial lesions (22.48%), followed by melanocytic tumours (22.09%) and benign epithelial lesions (17.05%). DISCUSSION: The results are distinct from previous publications presumably because of differences between the populations submitted to analysis. CONCLUSION: This is the first indexed publication characterizing surgical specimens from a Department of Ophthalmology in Portugal; moreover, it also includes an extensive review of global epidemiological data about ophthalmic surgical specimens.
- Symptomatic Hyponatremia after Bowel Preparation: Report of Two Cases and Literature ReviewPublication . Costa, JM; Soares, JBINTRODUCTION: Bowel preparation for colonoscopy and/or colorectal surgery can cause electrolyte imbalances. The risk of electrolyte imbalances seems to be related to the type of bowel cleansing solution, age of patients and comorbidities. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of symptomatic hyponatremia (focal neurological signs and coma) after bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate for colonoscopy. In both cases, symptoms related to hyponatremia rapidly disappeared after sodium level correction with intravenous administration of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl). DISCUSSION: Electrolyte imbalances are more common with sodium phosphate-based solutions (NaP) and sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate, in patients older than 65, in patients treated with thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, betablockers or antidepressants and in gastrectomized patients. These patients should use macrogol-based solutions (polyethylene glycol). CONCLUSION: In patients at risk (patient > 65 years old, patients taking thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and antidepressants and with previous gastrectomy) we recommend macrogol-based solutions
- Metabolic Activity in the Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues by FDG-PET/CT in Obese PatientsPublication . Monteiro, AM; Ferreira, G; Duarte, HINTRODUCTION: The emerging role of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the study of the metabolic activity and inflammation in adipose tissue indicates that it might be a reliable tool to complement the risk stratification in obesity. The aims of this study were the evaluation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by visceral adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues and to determine eventual differences in patients with and without obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of adult patients who underwent whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography scanning between July and August of 2016. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SPSS™ software v.20. Statisticalsignificance: p < 0.05. RESULTS: We assessed fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans from 156 patients (58.3% of males) with a mean age of 61.0 ± 14.1 years. Half of the patients had a body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 and 15.4% (n = 24) were obese. In both groups, the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was higher in visceral adipose tissues. There were no differences in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues between the groups. Obese patients had lower density of adipose tissue,both in subcutaneous adipose tissues and in visceral adipose tissues. Abdominal circumference and density of visceral adipose tissueshad a positive predictive value in the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. Discussion: Through a non-invasive test, this study demonstrated a significant higher metabolic activity in visceral adipose tissues in both obese and non-obese patients. According to our results, abdominal circumference was an important determinant in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. We also demonstrated that obese patients had differences in adipose tissue quality. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the importance of the adipose tissue quality and distribution for metabolic risk stratification.