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HB - Patologia Clínica

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  • Taxa de cobertura vacinal com imunização para o vírus da hepatite B
    Publication . Antunes, H; Macedo, M; Estrada, A
    The hepatitis B virus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, thus making it a serious public health issue. The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatitis B virus vaccination rate with immunization, the risk of this population group becoming infected before vaccination and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. The study involved randomly analyzing the serum of 311 adolescents of both sexes aged 14 from a total population of 536 adolescents attending schools in Braga, Portugal. A questionnaire was administered to the adolescents and asked them if they had received the Hepatitis B vaccine, how many doses they received, if they had a history of acute hepatitis, drug abuse, whether or not they had had sexual intercourse and if so, if they had used protection. The determination of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), the antibody to HbsAg and the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was carried out using the chemoluminiscence method. The vaccination rate with immunization was 85.8 %, [95% CI 81.9-89.7%]. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 0.6%, [95% CI 0-1.5%]. Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was low in this adolescent population of Braga. The vaccination rate with immunization is satisfactory, but does not reach 100%, which means that the risk of transmission is still present in this age group.
    2004Journal article Open access Show more
  • Prevalência do vírus da hepatite A: primeiros resultados de baixa endemicidade em Portugal
    Publication . Antunes, H; Macedo, M; Estrada, A
    The prevalence of the hepatitis A virus in a population determines the degree of morbidity associated with this illness, that is, the higher the morbidity, the lower the prevalence. This study aims to obtain the prevalence of total antibody to the hepatitis A virus in children, 5 and 8 years of age, and in adolescents, 14 years of age. The study was based on two samples: the serum of 64 healthy five-year-olds and 76 healthy eight-year-olds living in the proximity of the São Marcos Hospital in Braga and the serum of 311 adolescents, aged 14, from a total population of 536 adolescents attending schools in Braga, North of Portugal. The samples were collected in 1999 for the adolescent group, in 2000 and 2001 for the group of the five-year-olds and in 2002 and 2003 for the group of the eight-year-olds. None of the persons involved had been vaccinated with the hepatitis A virus vaccine. The Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay method was used to measure the serum total antibody to the hepatitis A virus. The prevalence of total antibody to the hepatitis A virus was 1.6% at 5 years of age, [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0-4.7%]; 3.9% at 8 years of age, [95% CI, 0-8,4%]; and 32.5% at 14 years of age +/- 6 months, [95% CI, 27.3-37.7%]. The prevalence of total antibody to the hepatitis A virus in this population revealed lower natural immunity. The results obtained for the five and eight-year-olds were the first Portuguese results of low endemicity to the hepatitis A virus.
    2004Journal article Open access Show more
  • Primeira determinação de prevalência de doença celíaca numa população portuguesa
    Publication . Antunes, H; Abreu, I; Nogueira, A; Sá, C; Gonçalves, C; Cleto, P; Garcia, F; Alves, A; Lemos, D
    The prevalence of celiac disease is unknown in Portugal. In European countries the prevalence is between 1:200 and 1:400. The incidence obtained through diagnosed cases in the paediatric gastroenterology units in Portugal was 1:3648. To determine the best current celiac disease screening method and its prevalence in a portuguese population, 536 sera of teenagers with 14 years +/- 6 months from Braga town schools were tested as follows: a) total IgA, b) anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies c) anti-endomysium antibodies (AEA). One female adolescent, with negative AEA and anti-transglutaminase antibodies had a diagnosed celiac disease; this patient was under appropriate diet. Eleven adolescents had positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies and 4 of these had also positive AEA. A jejunal biopsy was carried out on the latter adolescents. Three presented intestinal villous atrophy, 2 a flat mucosa and 1 a moderate atrophy. One female adolescent had a normal mucosa. The prevalence was 1:134, [confidence interval at 95%, 1:53-1:500]. Conclusions: Presently, total IgA with determination of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies is apparently the best screening method; it is less expensive test and, given the use of ELISA, less dependent on the observer. The celiac disease prevalence found in the present study falls within the range of prevalence recently found in other European populations, which implies that the celiac disease is under-diagnosed in Portugal.
    2006Journal article Open access Show more
  • Synovial sarcoma of the sellar region
    Publication . Scheithauer, BW; Silva, AI; Kattner, K; Seibly, J; Oliveira, AM; Kovacs, K
    Primary sarcomas of the sellar region are uncommon, although a wide variety have been reported. To date, no cases of primary synovial sarcoma have been described as occurring at this site. We report an immunohistochemically and molecular genetically confirmed primary synovial sarcoma involving the sellar/parasellar region and cavernous sinus in an adult male. Subtotal resection and radiosurgery proved to be efficacious. The spectrum of primary sellar region sarcomas is summarized.
    2007Journal article Open access Show more
  • 2007Journal article Open access Show more
  • Neuroendocrine Tumor of Esophagus
    Publication . Leão, P; Carneiro, T; Luís, D; Campelos, S; Pereira, P; Machado, A; Macedo, G; Gomes, A
    2008Conference object Open access Show more
  • Esophagocoloplasty in Esophageal Cancer Associated with Synchronous Gastric
    Publication . Leão, P; Carneiro, T; Luís, D; Campelos, S; Gomes, A
    2008Conference object Open access Show more
  • Determinantes da colonização materna e da infecção neonatal por Streptococcus do grupo B
    Publication . Areal, A; Moreira, M; Nunes, S; Faustino, MA; Cardoso, L; Sá, C
    Aim and Objective: During the past three decades, group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal infection has been the subject of little research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal risk factors, as established by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and maternal colonization. We also analysed the association between risk factors present in newborns and early-onset GBS disease. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Population: All pregnant women admitted for delivery in our institution and their newborns, between 1st February and 31st July 2005. Methods: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were collected from hospital clinical data, including information on risk factors established by the CDC. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study sample. Qui-square and Mantel-haenszel tests were applied to compare proportions and to measure the strength of associations, respectively, setting significance at p < 0,05. Results: In this sample only 47% of women were screened for GBS colonization in suitable time and 34,9% of these women were colonized. The incidence of early neonatal infection by SGB was 9/1000 neonates. Significant associations between GBS maternal colonization ant the following parameters were observed: maternal age [p=0,012; OR=1,659 (IC a 95%, 1,218-2,260)], gestational age at labour [p=0,001; OR= 2,621 (IC a 95%, 1,641- 4,188)], and urinary GBS infection during pregnancy (p<0,001). Maternal colonization occurred in women without CDC defined risk factors. Early neonatal infection by SGB was strongly associated with unscreened women (p=0,014). Conclusion: In this study, maternal GBS colonization occurred in the absence of CDC defined risk factors and varied according to maternal age and gestational week. Neonatal GBS infection was more frequent in unscreened women.
    2008Journal article Open access Show more
  • G2P[4] the most prevalent rotavirus genotype in 2007 winter season in an European non-vaccinated population
    Publication . Antunes, H; Afonso, A; Iturriza, M; Martinho, I; Ribeiro, C; Rocha, S; Magalhães, C; Carvalho, L; Branca, F; Gray, J
    BACKGROUND: Recently, a high prevalence of G2P[4] rotavirus (RV) infection was reported from Brazil, and linked with the universal RV vaccination programme that used the G1P[8] live oral RV vaccine. OBJECTIVE: To determine the genotypes of RV co-circulating in a non-vaccinated population, in northern Portugal in the winter season of 2007. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study of the genotypes circulating in the northwest region of Portugal during January to March 2007. Children with acute gastroenteritis, who attended the Pediatric Emergency Services of five Hospitals, were included in the study. The parents of the children completed a clinical and epidemiological data questionnaire and stool samples were collected. Stool samples positive in a RV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were genotyped by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Stool samples were collected from 424 children. Two hundred and thirty-four (55.2%) stool samples were RV-positive. G2P[4] was the predominant RV type (68.6%), followed by G9P[8] (14.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Because our population was naïve for RV vaccine, the G2P[4] predominance cannot be explained by vaccination. Rather, this high prevalence of G2P[4] may be within the normal fluctuation of RV genotypes. RV strain surveillance programmes are important for informing RV vaccination programmes.
    2009Journal article Open access Show more
  • A infecção peri-natal por Streptococcus agalactiae pode ser evitada: prevalência da colonização em parturientes no Hospital de S. Marcos, factores de risco e sua relação com a infecção peri-natal
    Publication . Areal, A; Nunes, S; Moreira, M; Faustino, MA; Cardoso, L; Sá, C
    ntrodução: O Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) é o agente mais frequente de infecção neonatal precoce, sendo possível a sua prevenção. Em Portugal é desconhecida a prevalência de mulheres colonizadas por SGB. O estudo da Unidade de Vigilância Pediátrica refere uma prevalência nacional de infecção neonatal por SGB de 0,5:1000 nados-vivos. Objectivo: Determinar a prevalência da colonização materna e da infecção perinatal por SGB no Hospital de S. Marcos, Braga (HSM), de modo a avaliar a importância da implementação do rastreio universal e o uso de medidas profiláticas. Método: De 1 de fevereiro a 31 de julho de 2005 foi realizado um estudo transversal com análise de coortes anichada, avaliando todas as grávidas assistidas para trabalho de parto no HSM e respectivos recém-nascidos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística bi-variada pelo teste do qui-quadrado, com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência da colonização nas grávidas rastreadas na região de Braga foi de 34,9 % [intervalo de confiança a 95% (IC95%), 31,5-38,3%]. No HSM o diagnóstico de infecção neonatal precoce por SGB ocorreu em 9:1000 recém-nascidos. O risco relativo de ocorrência de infecção perinatal entre os recém-nascidos dos grupos de mães rastreadas e não rastreadas foi de 0,3 [IC95% 0,2,7-0,32]. Conclusão: O rastreio bacteriológico positivo para colonização materna por SGB associado à adequada profilaxia intra-parto reduziu significativamente a infecção neonatal precoce, em relação ao grupo de gestantes não rastreadas (p=0,014). Consideramos que é recomendável a instituição do rastreio universal das grávidas e a profilaxia adequada quando indicada.
    2010Journal article Open access Show more